Biosynthetic-based methods employ the best route to prepare biochar, which has emerged as and simple technique that is feasible to substitute for the physical and chemical methods. Aegle marmelos is the scientific name of Beel Patra leaves, which are widely used in the Hindu religion for worship and their healing energy according to Ayurveda. This plant is widely utilised in the medical sector, especially in herbal products, with a low cost and no negative impact. This plant belongs to the Rutaceae family, can reach a height of 12-20 m. It has a short trunk. Flowers are aromatic, with a sweet perfume, and bloom in clusters of four to seven along the young branchlets. Fruit forms vary by variety and might be round, pyriform, oval or oblong, with a diameter ranging from 5 to 20 cm. Fruits can have a thin, hard, woody, or soft rind. It is studded with tiny, hard, woody or soft rinds. It is studded with tiny, fragrant oil glands. These segments have aromatic pulp and pale orange walls. 10 to 15 seeds are lodged in the fruit. Aegle marmelos leaves are used to treat eye illnesses and ulcers, while new leaves have been given for heart diseases and B12 deficiency. It is also used for bowel movements and controlling blood sugar levels. It has proven to be highly beneficial in the treatment of jaundice and asthma. The roots are useful in curing urinary disease, reducing heart palpitations, and healing fever. They are also believed to alleviate stomach pain. One substance used in the manufacture of a popular herbal medicine. Seed extract has anti-diabetic and hypolipidemic properties. The high fibre content of leaves is beneficial for constipation, diarrhoea and irritable bowel syndrome. Bael seeds have anti-oxidant properties, also been tested.
Extensive research has been conducted on various portions of Aegle marmelos, resulting in the isolation of many types of compounds, including alkaloids, cumarins, terpenoids, fatty acids and amino acids. These found that included gamma-sitosterol, flavone, glycoside, oisopentenyl haloperidol, marmeline, and phenyl ethyl cinnamaides. Fruit is processed into a variety of goods, including juice, jam, syrup, jelly and toffee. The pulp contains water, carbs, protein, fibre, fat, Calcium, Phosphorus, Potassium, Iron, Minerals, and Vitamins (Vit-A, -B1, -C, and Riboflavin).
Preparation of Biochar by using Aegle marmelos (Indian Beal patra) leaves
The leaves were used as a precursor for the fabrication of biochar. After grinding and sieving to a size of micrometres, it was placed in a tight container with a proper seal, so that no air passed into it. Then, pyrolysis or some research studies have taken the route by using a tubular furnace to go with the calcination step at 400°C with an inert atmosphere at a heating rate of 10°C/min (Equipment design depends and also depends on application perspectives). for 2h. The biochar is produced, and there are several tests to check this biochar.

Bael leaves' primary advantages are pyrolysis (a heated, inert atmosphere) and biochar (solid carbon-rich residue). So, the biochar is the main thing that will make the soil more fertile by raising the CEC (cation exchange capacity). Helps soil hold onto water and let air in. It promotes the growth of microorganisms and the development of roots in plants. It is also beneficial for organic cultivation, as it prevents the diffusion of nutrients. This biochar may be particularly stable due to its ability to maintain carbon in a solid state for hundreds of years. Subsequently, the act of depositing it on the earth effectively reduces CO2 emissions by acting as a carbon sink. Adding this charcoal to soil makes it better at holding on to water, oxygen, and nutrients. To absorb nutrients and thrive, roots can make use of a substantial quantity of surface area in the environment. It stops nutrients from being lost and makes the soil more fertile by slowly releasing them over time. Biochar also makes it easier for the soil to exchange cations and lowers its acidity, which helps plants grow and produce. In addition to these agricultural benefits, the utilisation of Aegle Marmelos biochar contributes to the environmental preservation of carbon in the soil, the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions, and the improvement of soil health.
Biochar produced from
Bael leaves has numerous applications in the fields of agriculture, industry, and the environment. It serves as an exceptional soil conditioner in agriculture, enhancing the soil's fertility, water retention, and microbial activity. This promotes the growth and development of vegetation at a faster pace. The soil is more nutrient-rich and permeable due to its high carbon content and porous structure. Additionally, it functions as a long-term carbon sink, which aids in the mitigation of climate change by sequestering carbon. Bael leaf biochar is an effective adsorbent for the removal of organic contaminants, dyes, and heavy metals from effluent due to its active functional groups and extensive surface area. It can also be used in advanced oxidation and photocatalytic processes for water purification when it is combined with metal oxides or modified. This biochar can also be employed as a renewable solid fuel with a moderate calorific value or as a transporter for beneficial microbes in bio-fertiliser mixes.
Aegle marmelos leaf biochar is a sustainable, low-cost, and eco-friendly substance that has the potential to be employed in a variety of applications, including agriculture, pollution management, and renewable energy.
Note: So, Project students can learn about this Biochar Production information. Generally, the production and utilisation of Aegle marmelos leaf biochar is a cost-effective and enduring method of managing refuse biomass, enhancing soil quality, and safeguarding the environment. This renders it an advantageous field of investigation for students of renewable materials and green technologies who are engaged in research and project work.